Object-Oriented Programming is a type of programming approach that uses the concepts of objects and classes. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a computer programming model that organizes software design around data, or objects, rather than functions and logic. An object can be defined as a data field that has unique attributes and behaviour. Due to several benefits offered by Object-Oriented Programming, many programming languages have been developed with the concepts of OOP. The programming languages that follow OOP are Java, Python, and C++. Each object can have unique values to the properties defined in the class. As you can guess from its name it breaks the program on the basis of the objects in it. It mainly works on Class, Object, Polymorphism, Abstraction, Encapsulation, and Inheritance. Its aim is to bind together the data and functions to operate on them. Procedural programming is about writing procedures or functions that perform operations on the data, while object-oriented programming is about creating objects that contain both data and functions.
Benefits of OOP:
OOP language allows breaking the program into bit-sized problems that can be solved easily. The new technology promises greater programmer productivity, a better quality of software, and lesser maintenance cost. OOP systems can be easily upgraded from small to large systems. It is possible that multiple instances of objects co-exist without any interference. It is very easy to partition the work into a project based on objects. It is possible to map the objects in the problem domain to those in the program. The principle of data hiding helps the programmer build secure programs which cannot be invaded by the code in other parts of the program.
Message passing techniques are used for communication between objects which makes the interface descriptions with external systems much simpler.
Disadvantages of OOP:
The length of the programs developed using OOP language is much larger than the procedural approach. Since the program becomes larger in size, it requires more time to be executed which leads to slower execution of the program. We cannot apply OOP everywhere as it is not a universal language. It is applied only when it is required. It is not suitable for all types of problems. Programmers need to have brilliant design skills and programming skills along with proper planning because using OOP is a little bit tricky.
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